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【Objective】 To study the effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after first-stage free flap transplantation. 【Methods】 A total of 306 OSCC patients who accepted primary repair and reconstruction using free flap admitted to our affiliation from January 2010 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects and retrospectively analyzed. According to their clinical data, they were divided into three groups: no transfusion group (n=98), 1-2 U transfusion group (n=131) and 3 + U transfusion group (n=77), respectively. The incidence of complications including flap infection, blood circulation disorder and hematoma in the three groups were compared. The five-year survival rate of the three groups was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the relative risk of death was analyzed by Cox regression. 【Results】 There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups of patients (P>0.05) regarding such baseline data as embracing gender, age, primary location, degree of differentiation, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The complication rate of patients with 3 + U transfusion (25.97%) was significantly higher than that of no transfusion (6.12%) and 1-2 U transfusion (10.86%) (P<0.05); and the five-year survival rate of patients with 3 + U transfusion (51.95%) was significantly lower than that of no transfusion (69.38%) and 1-2 U transfusion (62.60%) (P<0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that age, adjuvant radiotherapy, degree of tissue differentiation, collateral infiltration, vascular invasion and blood transfusion were all factors influencing the quality of prognosis after repair and reconstruction of first-stage free flap transplantation treating OSCC (P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was an independent protective factor for the prognosis and survival quality of postoperative OSCC patients (P<0.01); the degree of differentiation, vascular invasion and blood transfusion were independent risk factors for the prognosis and survival quality of postoperative OSCC patients (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Perioperative allogeneic transfusion in OSCC patients can increase the risk of postoperative complications and directly affect their prognostic quality. It can be regarded as an important risk factor for OSCC patients.
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Among the widest range of prevalent forms of cancer is oral carcinoma, which can develop anywhere in the mouth or even on the lips. Although there have been many advances in cancer treatment, the expected lifespan for OSCCs have indeed increased marginally. The load of OSCC is anticipated to increase in the near future, yet there is no sign of relief in view. Tumorigenesis is just one of the many physiological processes that can be controlled by microRNAs, a class noncoding endogenous RNAs. Several fibrosis disorders have been linked to miR- 21, and it has been utilised to distinguish oral and tongue cancer from healthy individuals. Studies empirically highlighted the significance of these transcripts as a predictor for prediction and diagnosis in OSCCs. Therefore, the present review summarizes the expression levels of miRNAs in OSCCs and evaluates their functioning in the progression or suppression of cancer. miR-21 can be considered as a prospective candidate for their translational use in OSCCs for early diagnosis prognosis surveillance and tailored treatment which should undergo further validation.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the role of protein kinase D (PKD)1 in regulating the growth, apop-tosis, and drug sensitivity of the squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-25.@*METHODS@#The SCC-25 cell line was transfected with either the control-shRNA or PKD1-shRNA plasmids. The stable transfected cells were selected, and the efficiency of PKD1 knockdown was detected by Western blot. The growth and apoptosis of SCC-25 were analyzed with a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of paclitaxel in the control and PKD1 knockdown cell lines were detected by CCK-8. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and P-gp were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#PKD1 was constitutively expressed and phosphorylated in various cancer cell lines. Inhibiting the expression of PKD1 in SCC-25 cells by RNA interference could inhibit the growth and promote the apoptosis of SCC-25 cells via downregulating Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, inhibiting PKD1 expression could downregulate the expression of P-gp, thereby decreasing both the IC50 and resistance index of paclitaxel.@*CONCLUSIONS@#PKD1 plays an important role in regulating the biobehavior of SCC-25. It is a potential therapeutic target for oral squamous carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Mouth NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP)flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects secondary to resection of retromolar and lateral buccal squamous cell carcinoma.@*Methods@#From January 2014 to January 2017, eight patients with retromolar and lateral buccal squamous cell carcinoma received radical resection and reconstructed with SCIP flap immediately. CTA and color Doppler sonography were routinely performed before the surgery. According to the size of the defect in the recipient area, the flap vascularized by the perforator vessel was carefully prepared and transferred to the buccal-pharynx-palate composite defect. The recipient area and donor area were sutured tightly after arteriovenous anastomosis under microscope. The survival and functional recovery of the flap were observed after operation.@*Results@#The flap sizes ranged from 5 cm× 6 cm to 7 cm×9 cm.The mean diameter of the superficial circumflex iliac arteries was 0.65 mm. And the mean diameter of the veins was 1.2 mm. The mean arterial pedicle length was 7.0 cm, and the venous pedicle length was 8.0 cm. Eight flaps were all survived. The shape of the buccal-parapharyngeal-palate was good and the mouth opening was normal after operation.@*Conclusions@#Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was a good choice for repairing the defect of parapharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the posterior molar region.
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RESUMEN: Evaluar la inmunoexpresión de podoplanina (PDPN) en el epitelio y vasos linfáticos en muestras de mucosa oral normal (MON), displasia epitelial oral (DEO) y carcinoma espinocelular oral (CECO). Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 19 casos de MON, 18 de DEO y 19 de CECO. Se consideraron positivas aquellas células con tinción de membrana y/o citoplasmático. Para la evaluación de PDPN epitelial se realizó un análisis semicuantitativo a través del producto entre la intensidad y porcentaje de células teñidas (immunoreactive score- IRS), mientras que para la evaluación de los vasos linfáticos, se determinó la densidad media vascular (DMV) a partir del promedio de la densidad linfática en tres campos ópticos por muestra. El mayor valor de IRS se observó en el grupo de CECO, seguido por DEO y el menor valor fue en el grupo de MON, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar CECO/DEO (p= 0,0200) y CECO/MON (p= 0,0078). Al comparar los valores de DMV según diagnóstico, se obtuvo que estos fueron bastante similares y no presentaron diferencias significativas entre sí (p= 0,4273). Finalmente, se analizó la relación entre los valores de IRS de podoplanina epitelial y la densidad media vascular de los linfáticos, a través del test de independencia de Spearman, el cual determinó que no hay un grado de asociación entre ambas variables (p= 0,2056). Conclusión: el IRS epitelial aumenta su valor al comparar muestras de MON, DEO y CECO. No existen diferencias significativas, en las muestras estudiadas, entre los valores de DMV linfática. No existe relación entre la expresión de PDPN epitelial y DMV linfática en muestras de DEO y CECO.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of Podoplanin (PDPN) in epithelium and lymphatic vessels in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral epithelial displasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A descriptive case study was carried out. Nineteen histological samples diagnosed with NOM, 18 diagnosed with OED and 19 with OSCC. Immunopositive cells for PDPN were those that presented membrane and/or cytoplasmic staining. A semi-quantitative analysis of the stained sections was made according to the immunoreactive score (IRS) for the extension and intensity of epithelial cells, while the evaluation of lymphangiogenesis was made through the calculation of the mean vascular density (MVD). The results indicated the higher IRS value was in OSCC followed by OED and lowest in NOM, with significant differences between OSCC/OED (p= 0.0200) and OSCC/NOM (p= 0.0078). No differences in MVD were found between the studied samples (p= 0.4273). Finally, the correlation between the value of epithelial IRS and MVD was analyzed through Spearman Independence test, which determined there was no statistically significant relationship between the studied variables (p= 0.2056). In conclusion, epithelial IRS value is greater in OSCC samples than OED and NOM. There was no statistically significant difference in lymphatic MVD in the studied samples. There is no correlation between the epithelial PDPN expression and lymphatic MVD in OSCC and OED samples.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Leukoplakia, Oral , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Coloring Agents , Epithelium , Microvascular DensityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Surgical therapy is the primary treatment for oral cancer, but it can cause facial distortion. Therefore, if anticancer drugs are effective against oral cancer, they may be used preferentially. However, oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCCs) are resistant to these drugs, so finding a way to enhance the sensitivity of these cells to anticancer drugs is important. The bacterial protein azurin is known to selectively enter cancer cells and induce apoptosis. In this study, we show the anticancer effect of azurin in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OSCC cell line (YD-9) was subjected to azurin treatment. Cell viability, morphology and protein expression levels were monitored after treatment of azurin. Cells were also subjected to combination treatment of azurin with either 5-fluorouracil or etopside. RESULTS: Azurin-treated cells showed decreased cell viability accompanied by apoptotic phenotypes including morphological change, DNA breakage, and increases in p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels. Combination treatment of azurin with other anti-tumor agents caused an increase in sensitivity to anticancer drugs in azurin-treated YD-9 cells. CONCLUSION: Azurin has a strong synergistic anticancer effect on oral cancer cells when it is used along with anticancer drugs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Apoptosis/drug effects , Azurin/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Cell Line, Tumor , Cyclin B1/metabolism , Drug Synergism , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolismABSTRACT
The use of bacteria in the treatment of cancer has a long and interesting history. The use of live bacteria in this way however has a number of potential problems including toxicity. Purified low molecular weight bacterial proteins have therefore been tested as anticancer agents to avoid such complications. Oral cancer is a widely occurring disease around the world and these lesions are typically very resistant to anticancer agents. In our present study we investigated the effects of purified recombinant azurin from Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa against YD-9 (p53-positive) human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Azurin showed cytotoxic effects against these cells in a dose dependent manner. The cell death accompanied by this treatment was found to be characterized by chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies. Azurin treatment was further found to increase the expression of p53 The stabilization of p53 and induction of apoptosis in YD-9 cells by azurin suggests that it has potentially very strong anticancer properties in oral squamous carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Apoptosis , Azurin , Bacteria , Bacterial Proteins , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Death , Chromatin , Molecular Weight , Mouth Neoplasms , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosaABSTRACT
The use of bacteria in the treatment of cancer has a long and interesting history. The use of live bacteria in this way however has a number of potential problems including toxicity. Purified low molecular weight bacterial proteins have therefore been tested as anticancer agents to avoid such complications. Oral cancer is a widely occurring disease around the world and these lesions are typically very resistant to anticancer agents. In our present study we investigated the effects of purified recombinant azurin from Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa against YD-9 (p53-positive) human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Azurin showed cytotoxic effects against these cells in a dose dependent manner. The cell death accompanied by this treatment was found to be characterized by chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies. Azurin treatment was further found to increase the expression of p53 The stabilization of p53 and induction of apoptosis in YD-9 cells by azurin suggests that it has potentially very strong anticancer properties in oral squamous carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Apoptosis , Azurin , Bacteria , Bacterial Proteins , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Death , Chromatin , Molecular Weight , Mouth Neoplasms , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosaABSTRACT
Chios gum mastic (CGM) is obtained from the stem and leaves of Pistacia lentiscus trees and has been extensively used for centuries in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, both as a dietary supplement and herbal remedy. This study was undertaken to examine in vitro effects of cytotoxicity and growth inhibition, and the molecular mechanism underlying modulation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in YD9 human oral squamous carcinoma cell line treated with CGM. The viability of YD9 cells and human normal keratinocyes (HaCaT cells), and the growth inhibition of YD9 cells were assessed by the MTT assay and clonogenic assay respectively. The hoechst staining and DNA electrophoresis were conducted to observe the YD9 cells undergoing apoptosis. YD9 cells were treated with CGM, and Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy and FACScan flow cytometry were conducted. Mitochondrial membrane potential change and proteasome activity were measured. CGM treatment on YD9 cells resulted in a does-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death. And tested YD9 cells showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CGM resulted in G1 arrest in cell cycle progression which was associated with decrease in the protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, Cdk2 and Cdk4, and increase in the protein expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. These results demonstrate that CGM induces G1 the cell cycle arrest via the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and apoptosis via mitochondria and caspase pathway in YD9 cells, suggesting that CGM can be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human oral squamous cell carcinoma from its strong cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing activity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Cycle , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Death , Cell Line , Cyclin D1 , Cyclin D3 , Dietary Supplements , DNA , Electrophoresis , Flow Cytometry , Gingiva , Immunohistochemistry , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Microscopy, Confocal , Mitochondria , Pistacia , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex , Proteins , Resins, Plant , TreesABSTRACT
Objective:To study the expressions of E-cadherin(E-cad) an d CD44V6 in normal oral mucous,oral atypical hyperplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:The expression of E-cad and CD44V6 in 1 7 cases of normal oral mucous,6 of oral atypical hyperplasia and 52 of OSCC was examined with immunohistochemistry. Results: E-cad expression was observed in all the cases of normal oral mucous and oral atypical hyperplasi a,and in 43/52( 82.69% ) of OSCC. CD44V6 expression was observed in all the ca ses of normal oral mucous and oral atypical hyperplasia,and in 32/52(61.54%) of OSCC.In OSCC, the expression of E-cad was decreased with the decrease of differ entiation degree(P
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Objective To investigate the biological effects of As 2O 3 and its mechanism on human oral squamous carcinoma cell line in vitro . Methods The effects of As 2O 3 on Tca8113 cell line were investigated in vitro with morphological method, MTT, clone forming, DNA ladder, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry(FCM). Results As 2O 3 had marked suppressive effect on the growth of Tca8113 cell line. The growth suppression rate of the Tca8113 cells was 76.3% shown by MTT. DNA ladder, TUNEL and FCM showed As 2O 3 could induce the apoptosis of Tca8113 which might be related to cell cycle arrest shown by FCM. Conclusion As 2O 3 can inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma cell in vitro .